Compare Mauritius (2002) - South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2002)

Compare Mauritius (2002) z South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2002)

	Mauritius (2002)	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2002)

Administrative divisions	9 districts and 3 dependencies; Agalega Islands, Black River, Cargados Carajos Shoals, Flacq, Grand Port, Moka, Pamplemousses, Plaines Wilhems, Port Louis, Riviere du Rempart, Rodrigues, Savanne	-
Age structure	0-14 years: 25.4% (male 153,810; female 150,464) 15-64 years: 68.3% (male 409,028; female 411,070) 65 years and over: 6.3% (male 30,170; female 45,664) (2002 est.)	-
Agriculture - products	sugarcane, tea, corn, potatoes, bananas, pulses; cattle, goats; fish	-
Airports	5 (2001)	none (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)	-
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 1 (2002)	-
Area	total: 2,040 sq km land: 2,030 sq km water: 10 sq km note: includes Agalega Islands, Cargados Carajos Shoals (Saint Brandon), and Rodrigues	total: 3,903 sq km land: 3,903 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Shag Rocks, Black Rock, Clerke Rocks, South Georgia Island, Bird Island, and the South Sandwich Islands, which consist of some nine islands
Area - comparative	almost 11 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly larger than Rhode Island
Background	Discovered by the Portuguese in 1505, Mauritius was subsequently held by the Dutch, French, and British before independence was attained in 1968. A stable democracy with regular free elections and a positive human rights record, the country has attracted considerable foreign investment and has earned one of Africa's highest per capita incomes. Recent poor weather and declining sugar prices have slowed economic growth leading to some protests over standards of living in the Creole community.	The islands lie approximately 1,000 km east of the Falkland Islands and have been under British administration since 1908 except for a brief period in 1982 when Argentina occupied them. Grytviken, on South Georgia, was a 19th and early 20th century whaling station. The famed explorer Ernest SHACKLETON stopped there in 1914 en route to his ill-fated attempt to cross Antarctica on foot. He returned some 20 months later with a few companions in a small boat and arranged a successful rescue for the rest of his crew, stranded off the Antarctic Peninsula. He died in 1922 on a subsequent expedition and is buried in Grytviken. Today, the station houses scientists from the British Antarctic Survey. The islands have large bird and seal populations and, recognizing the importance of preserving the marine stocks in adjacent waters, the UK, in 1993, extended the exclusive fishing zone from 12 NM to 200 NM around each island.
Birth rate	16.34 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Budget	revenues: $1.1 billion expenditures: $1.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)	-
Capital	Port Louis	-
Climate	tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)	variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow
Coastline	177 km	NA km
Constitution	12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992	adopted 3 October 1985
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Mauritius conventional short form: Mauritius	conventional long form: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands conventional short form: none
Currency	Mauritian rupee (MUR)	-
Death rate	6.81 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Debt - external	$2.3 billion (2000 est.)	-
Dependency status	-	overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina; administered from the Falkland Islands by a commissioner, who is concurrently governor of the Falkland Islands, representing Queen ELIZABETH II; Grytviken, formerly a whaling station on South Georgia, is a scientific base
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador John PRICE embassy: 4th Floor, Rogers House, John Kennedy Street, Port Louis mailing address: international mail: P. O. Box 544, Port Louis; US mail: American Embassy, Port Louis, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2450 telephone: [230] 202-4400 FAX: [230] 208-9534	none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Usha JEETAH chancery: 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 441, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 244-1491, 1492 FAX: [1] (202) 966-0983	none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)
Disputes - international	Mauritius claims the Chagos Archipelago (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory), and its former inhabitants, who reside chiefly in Mauritius, but were granted UK citizenship and the right to repatriation in 2001; claims French-administered Tromelin Island	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands occupied briefly by Argentina in 1982; islands continue to be claimed by Argentina
Economic aid - recipient	$42 million (1997) (1997)	-
Economy - overview	Since independence in 1968, Mauritius has developed from a low-income, agriculturally based economy to a middle-income diversified economy with growing industrial, financial, and tourist sectors. For most of the period, annual growth has been in the order of 5% to 6%. This remarkable achievement has been reflected in more equitable income distribution, increased life expectancy, lowered infant mortality, and a much improved infrastructure. Sugarcane is grown on about 90% of the cultivated land area and accounts for 25% of export earnings. The government's development strategy centers on foreign investment. Mauritius has attracted more than 9,000 offshore entities, many aimed at commerce in India and South Africa, and investment in the banking sector alone has reached over $1 billion. Mauritius, with its strong textile sector and responsible fiscal management, was well-poised to take advantage of the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA).	Some fishing takes place in adjacent waters. There is a potential source of income from harvesting fin fish and krill. The islands receive income from postage stamps produced in the UK, sale of fishing licenses, and harbor and landing fees from tourist vessels. Tourism from specialized cruise ships is increasing rapidly.
Electricity - consumption	1.195 billion kWh (2000)	NA kWh
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - production	1.285 billion kWh (2000)	NA kWh
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 91% hydro: 9% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	fossil fuel: NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA%
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Piton 828 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Paget (South Georgia) 2,934 m
Environment - current issues	water pollution, degradation of coral reefs	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	Indo-Mauritian 68%, Creole 27%, Sino-Mauritian 3%, Franco-Mauritian 2%	-
Exchange rates	Mauritian rupees per US dollar - 30.345 (January 2002), 29.129 (2001), 26.250 (2000), 25.186 (1999), 22.993 (1998), 21.057 (1997)	-
Executive branch	chief of state: President Karl OFFMANN (since 25 February 2002) and Vice President Raouf BUNDHUN (since 25 February 2002) head of government: Prime Minister Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH (since 17 September 2000) and Deputy Prime Minister Paul BERENGER (since 17 September 2000) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president and vice president elected by the National Assembly for five-year terms; election last held 25 February 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president, responsible to the National Assembly election results: Karl OFFMANN elected president and Raouf BUNDHUN elected vice president; percent of vote by the National Assembly - NA%	-
Exports	$1.6 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)	-
Exports - commodities	clothing and textiles, sugar, cut flowers, molasses	-
Exports - partners	UK 25.8%, France 20.8%, US 16.0%, South Africa 10.9%, Germany, Italy (2000 est.)	-
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June	-
Flag description	four equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, yellow, and green	the flag of the UK is used
GDP	purchasing power parity - $12.9 billion (2001 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 6% industry: 33% services: 61% (1999 est.)	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $10,800 (2001 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	5.2% (2001 est.)	-
Geographic coordinates	20 17 S, 57 33 E	54 30 S, 37 00 W
Geography - note	the main island, from which the country derives its name, is of volcanic origin and is almost entirely surrounded by coral reefs	the north coast of South Georgia has several large bays, which provide good anchorage; reindeer, introduced early in the 21st century, live on South Georgia
Highways	total: 1,860 km paved: 1,786 km (including 36 km of expressways) unpaved: 74 km (2001)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	-
Illicit drugs	minor consumer and transshipment point for heroin from South Asia; small amounts of cannabis produced and consumed locally; significant offshore financial industry creates potential for money laundering, but corruption levels are relatively low and the government appears generally to be committed to regulating its banking industry	-
Imports	$2 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)	-
Imports - commodities	manufactured goods, capital equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals (1996)	-
Imports - partners	South Africa 20.0%, France 19.0%, India 9.0%, Hong Kong 5.2%, UK (2000 est.)	-
Independence	12 March 1968 (from UK)	-
Industrial production growth rate	8% (2000 est.)	-
Industries	food processing (largely sugar milling), textiles, clothing; chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, nonelectrical machinery; tourism	-
Infant mortality rate	16.65 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	-
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	4.2% (2001 est.)	-
International organization participation	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO	-
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	2 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	200 sq km (1998 est.)	0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court	-
Labor force	514,000 (1995) (1995)	-
Labor force - by occupation	construction and industry 36%, services 24%, agriculture and fishing 14%, trade, restaurants, hotels 16%, transportation and communication 7%, finance 3% (1995) (1995)	-
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 49.26% permanent crops: 2.96% other: 47.78% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (largely covered by permanent ice and snow with some sparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen) (1998 est.)
Languages	English (official), Creole, French (official), Hindi, Urdu, Hakka, Bhojpuri	-
Legal system	based on French civil law system with elements of English common law in certain areas	the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply; the senior magistrate from the Falkland Islands presides over the Magistrates Court
Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly (66 seats; 62 elected by popular vote, 4 appointed by the election commission from the losing political parties to give representation to various ethnic minorities; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 11 September 2000 (next to be held by September 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - MSM/MMM 52.3%, MLP/PMSD 36.9%, OPR 10.8%; seats by party - MSM/MMM 54, MLP/PMSD 6, OPR 2	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 71.53 years male: 67.54 years female: 75.58 years (2002 est.)	-
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 82.9% male: 87.1% female: 78.8% (1995 est.)	-
Location	Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the tip of South America
Map references	Political Map of the World	Antarctic Region
Maritime claims	continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 66,004 GRT/90,017 DWT ships by type: cargo 2, combination bulk 2, container 2, refrigerated cargo 2 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience:, Belgium 1, India 3, Norway 1, Switzerland 2 (2002 est.)	-
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	National Police Force (includes the paramilitary Special Mobile Force or SMF and National Coast Guard)	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$9.1 million (FY01)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	0.2% (FY01)	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 340,050 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 171,239 (2002 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 12 March (1968)	Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)
Nationality	noun: Mauritian(s) adjective: Mauritian	-
Natural hazards	cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards	the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism
Natural resources	arable land, fish	fish
Net migration rate	-0.92 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Political parties and leaders	Hizbullah [Cehl Mohamed FAKEEMEEAH]; Mauritian Labor Party or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]; Mauritian Militant Movement or MMM [Paul BERENGER] - in coalition with MSM; Mauritian Militant Renaissance or MMR [Dr. Paramhansa NABABSING]; Mauritian Social Democrat Party or PMSD [Charles Xavier-Luc DUVAL]; Militant Socialist Movement or MSM [Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH] - governing party; Rodrigues Movement or OPR [Joseph (Nicholas) Von MALLY]	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	various labor unions	-
Population	1,200,206 (July 2002 est.)	no indigenous inhabitants note: the small military garrison on South Georgia withdrew in March 2001, to be replaced by a permanent group of scientists of the British Antarctic Survey, which also has a biological station on Bird Island; the South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	10% (2001 est.)	-
Population growth rate	0.86% (2002 est.)	-
Ports and harbors	Port Louis	Grytviken
Radio broadcast stations	AM 4, FM 9, shortwave 0 (2002)	0 (2003)
Radios	420,000 (1997)	-
Railways	0 km (2002)	-
Religions	Hindu 52%, Christian 28.3% (Roman Catholic 26%, Protestant 2.3%), Muslim 16.6%, other 3.1%	-
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	-
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	-
Telephone system	general assessment: small system with good service domestic: primarily microwave radio relay trunk system international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); new microwave link to Reunion; HF radiotelephone links to several countries	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: coastal radiotelephone station at Grytviken
Telephones - main lines in use	280,900 (2000)	-
Telephones - mobile cellular	180,000 (2000)	-
Television broadcast stations	2 (plus several repeaters) (1997)	0 (2003)
Terrain	small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau	most of the islands, rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous; South Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains; the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes
Total fertility rate	2 children born/woman (2002 est.)	-
Unemployment rate	8.6% (2001 est.)	-
Waterways	none	none

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